دروس Eللمرحلة ثانوية بنين ثالث فقط

[شقرديه]

[l]...تعليم البنين - المرحلة الثانوية - الثالث الثانوي - اللغة الانجليزية - الفصل الثاني - Unit1:English Literature - lesson-



[..William Shakespeare (1564 - 1596)
William Shakespeare was born at Stratford upon Avon in April, 1564. He was the third child, and the eldest sun, of John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. His father was one of the most prosperous men of Stratford. In December, 1582, Shakespeare married Ann Hathaway, daughter of a farmer of Shottery, near Stratford. Shakespeare was considered as one of the greatest play writers. He wrote 37 plays and 40 poems of Sonnets in the 16th century. He wrote many plays as King Lear, Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, The Tempest and Twelfth Night. Shakespeare enriched the English literature during the middle ages.


Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
Dickens was born in Portsmouth .His childhood, like many of those portrayed in his novels. His father imprisonment in Marshal sea prison. He worked in a workshop for making shoes to help him self. Then, he worked in advocator's office. Dickens was and still the greatest novelist in the 19th century. He wrote many great novels like David Copper Field, Hard times, Great expectations, Atale of two cities, Oliver Twist and Pick wick papers.


Great Expectations
Great Expectations was written by Charles Dickens the story takes place in England in the 19th century and the main character is Pip. Other characters include Pip's sister, who was strict and hard, and Joe, who was kind and warm-hearted. Pip lived in the country with his sister and Joe, her husband.
Pip received an allowance from a man who was wanted by the police and he was sent to London for his education. When this man died, the allowance stopped, so Pip needed to work finally he had a successful career.





قــصــة الآمــال الكــبــيرة
رواية كتبها الإنجليزي تشارلز ديكنز و وقــعت أحداثها في انجلترا في القرن التاسع عشر أهم شخصية في الرواية تدعى (بيب) و الذي نستعرض حياته منذ الطفولة حتى الشباب.
تبدأ القصة عندما كان بيب وحيداً و يتيماً و تقوم أخته على رعايته و تربيته و لكنها كانت صارمة و قاسية معه. و كان أفضل صديق له "جــو" زوج أخته فقد كان لطيفاً و حنوناً معه وكان يحب بيب كابنه تماماً. في يوم ما أعطى بيب الطعام والشراب لسجين هارب من السجن. و لكن الرجل قبض عليه مرة أخرى من قبل الشرطة و لكنه لم ينسىمعاملة بيب اللطيفة معه . بعد مدة جاء بيب خبراً يقول بأنه يستطيع الحصول على كثير من المال حتى يستطيع تلقي تعليماً عالياً في لندن و يصبح شخصاً حسن المستوى . درس بيب في لندن بجد وكان يتلقى المال بشكل مستديم دون أنيعلم من أو من أين يأتيه المال . و كان يعيش في شقة مع رجل ميسور الحال يعمل في شركة تأمين و أصبحا أصدقاء.
بعد مدة زاره السجين الذي ساعده بيب في الصغر . فقد أرسل السجين مع بعض المجرمين إلى استراليا و أصبح مزارعاً غنياً هناك و كان يتمنى أن يصبح بيب متعلماً و صاحب مال حتى و إن لم يكن هو سيداً محترماً. و كانت الشرطة في لندن لا تزال تلاحقه لتقبض عليه . فكر بيب و صديقه أن لندن مكاناً خطيراً على الرجل الهارب و أنه يجب على بيب مساعدته للسفر خارج البلاد. و عندما عزما على ركوب السفينة قبضت عليه الشرطة . و عند محاكمته في المحكمة حكم عليه القاضي بالموت و قبل أن يشنق توفي في السجن . و صودرت جميع أمواله للحكومة كما ينص على ذلك القانون . و اضطر بيب أن يجد عملاً كي يساعد نفسه و أصبح موظفاً في مكتب صديقه و بعد مضي سنوات أصبح شريكاً في شركة التأمين و أصبح له عملاً موفقاً نتيجة لجهوده و ليس بفضل الثروة التي منى نفسه بها.
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Great Expectations by:Charles Dickens
* New Words:
Literature (n) =the study of art works. (الأدب)
Take place (v)= happen. يقع-يحدث
Novel (n)= along story. رواية
Author (n)= writer. مؤلف
Fiction (n)= story which is made up. قصة خيالية
Biography (n)= a true story about person's life. قصة حقيقية
Auto biography (n)= a true story about the author himself. سيرة ذاتية
Discuss (v) =ask = search. يناقش
A play (n)= a story which is watched. مسرحية
Stage (n) = the part of a theatre. خشبة المسرح
Theater (n) =the building which plays are acted. مسرح
Characters (n)= persons in a story or a play. شخصيات
Theme (n) =main idea. موضوع
Plot (n) = events. الأحداث
Expect (v)= to think or believe. يتوقع- يفكر
Expectations (n) = believes. توقعات- آمال
Great Expectations. الآمال الكبرى
Introduce (v) = present. يقدم
Introduction (n) = preface. مقدمة
Famous = well known. مشهور
Main (n) = basic. أساس
Childhood (n) = a period of child's life.طفولة
Orphan (n) =has no parents.يتيم
Bring up (v) =take care of. يربي
Strict (adj) = hard = firm. قاس - صارم
Kind (adj) = warm hearted = helpful. طيب القلب
Prisoner (n) = convict. سجين- متهم
Escape (v) = run away. يهرب
Prison (n) = jail. سجين
Recapture (v) = arrest = catch. يقبض على
Forget, forgot, forgotten (v)ينسى
Career (n) = job. وظيفة
Insure (v) = an agreement to pay for insurance. يؤمن
Wealthy (adj) = rich. ثري
Attempt (v) = to try. يحاول
Part owner (n) = share the ownership. شريك
Fortune (n) = property.ثروة
Lonely (adj) = alone. بمفرده
Agent (n) =firm = company. شركة
Wealth (n) =fortune = property.ثروة
Wealthy = rich = prosperousثري

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Questions
1. What does literature mean?
-It means the study of art works.
2. What is a novel?
-It is along story.
3. Who wrote novels for people to read in 19th century?
-Charles Dickens.
4. What is a play?
-It is a story which is watched on the theater.
5. Who wrote plays for people in the 16th century?
-Shakespeare.
6. Who was William Shakespeare?
-He was a great play writer.
7. Who was Charles Dickens?
-He was a great novelist.
8. What is fiction?
-It is a made up story.
9. What is biography?
-It is a real story about some one's life.
10. What are people called in a story or a play?
-Characters.
11. What is an autobiography?
-It is a story about the writer himself.
12. Is a novel fiction or biography?
-It is fiction.
13. Who was Pip?
-An orphan boy.
14. Who brought up Pip from his childhood?
-His sister.
15. Who was Joe?
-Pip's husband sister.
16. Why did Pip like his sister's husband better than her?
-He was kind and warm-hearted.
17. Who gave Pip money in London?
-The prisoner.
18. Who was the prisoner wanted by?
-The police.
19. Why was Pip given money by the prisoner in London?
-To complete his education.
20. Who did Pip live with in London?
-With a young man.
21. Where was the prisoner caught again?
-In London.
22. What happened to the prisoner in Australia?
-He became a very wealthy farmer.
23. What was the prisoners end?
-He died.
24. Why did become a clerk?
-To support himself.

Choose a, b, c or d:
(1) Great Expectations was written by______________
a) Dickens. B) Joe. C) Shakespeare.
(2) Macbeth,______________ by his wife, killed King Duncan.
a) aided. B) ventilated. C) laid. D) accommodated.
(3) The true story of a person's life told by that person himself is_____________
a) a short story. B) an autobiography. C) play.
(4) The main character in "Great Expectations" is____________________
a) Joe. B) Pip's sister. C) Pip.
(5) The character in_____________are not real. They are fiction.
a) biography. B) novels. C) autobiography.
(6) In "Great Expectations", Pip had to get a job when_________________
a) he received money regularly. B) the prisoner died.
b) he decided to go to London for good education.
d) the connect attempted to escape.
(7) In London, Pip lived in a flat with________________in order to complete his education. A) his friend. B) Joe c) the prisoner.
(8) Shakespeare was a____________ in the 16th century.
a) novelist. B) character. C) poet. D) biography.
(9) Charles Dickens was_____________in the 19th century.
a) play writer. B) character. C) novelist.
(10) Joe was Pip's best friend because he was____________with him.
a) strict. B) hard. C) prosperous. D) warm-hearted.
(11) Pip lived with his sister in_______________
a) London. B) The country. C) Stratford.
(12) Shakespeare wrote a kind of poetry, it was________________
a) lyric poetry. B) romantic poetry. C) sonnets.
(13) Joe loved Pip as if he were his own_______________
a) friend. B) father. C) son.

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Replace one word in the sentence with other on the right:
(1) Orphans are often taken care of in special homes. (bring up)
(2) He had a successful job as a teacher. (career)
(3) This play has seven persons in it. (character)
(4) In many countries you must have an agreement to pay money in case death or accident by you can drive on the road. (insurance)
(5) You should be helpful to animals. (kind)
(6) The little boy was alone - He had nobody to play with. (lonely)
(7) Dickens wrote many long stories in the 19th century. (novel)
(8) One day, Pip gave something to eat and drink to prisoner who had escaped from prison. (run away)
(9) The pupils are asking their teacher about the test. (discuss)
(10) Dickens himself had no parents, so, he wrote a lot of novels about him self. (orphan)
(11) The police have arrested many prisoners today. (convicts)

*Use the correct forms of the words in brackets to fill in the spaces:
(1) Orphans are often brought up in special homes. ( bring up )
(2) His kindness helps me to do my job. ( kind )
(3) In many countries you must have car _________ before you can derive on the road. ( ensure )
(4) Every person must feel by ____________ when he see something
Pleased him. ( happy )
(5) I felt by __________ when my parents died. (lonely)
(6) The novel great expectations was _________ by Charles Dickens.
(write)
(7) One day, Pip __________ something to eat and drink to a prisoner
Who had __________ from prison. The man was ___________ by
Soldiers and ____________ away but he never ___________ pip's
Kindness.
( give ________ escape _______ recapture - take - forget).
(8) In London, Pip studied hard. He received money __________ but
He didn't know where or who it came from. (regular)
(9) The prisoner had been sent to Australia and had become a very __
_______ former. (wealth)
(10) The convict was the man who sent Pip's ___________ every
month. (allow)

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*كيف يأتي السؤال على هذا الزمن:
1) Shakespeare (live) about hundred years ago. (correct)
Shakespeare lived about hundred years ago.
2) I (lie) in bed and (watch) T.V yesterday. (correct)
I lay in bed and watched T.V yesterday.
3) I (go) to the dentist yesterday but I (forget) all about it. (correct)
I went to the dentist yesterday but I forgot all about it.

*Exercise:
- Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
1) They (get back) very late last night.
2) Last month the cost of living (vise) to a new high point.
3) Yesterday afternoon the police (catch) a thief.
4) I (see) the bus a few minutes ago.
5) Dickens (write) many good novels in the 19th century.

HOW TO MAKE A QUESTION ?
We can make a question by two ways :
(1) إذا وُجـد في الجمـلة أحـد الأفعــال المســاعـدة الآتيــــة :am - is - are - was - were - have - has - had - can - could - shall -
Should - will - would - may - might - must - had to - ought to.
ففي هذه الحـــالــة يـــســبق الــفــعــل المساعد على الفاعل ، مثال ذلك:
EX: 1) He was expected to arrive.
Was he expected to arrive?
When was he expected to arrive?
(2) إذا لم يوجد في الجملة فعل مساعد نضع أحد الأفعال المساعدة الآتية:
Do s مع الفعل بدون
Does من الفعل) s ( تحذف sمع الفعل بـ
Did مع الفعل الماضي (يرد الفعل إلى أصله)
Ex: He expects to arrive.
- Does he expect to arrive?
- When does he expect to arrive?
Ex: He expected to arrive.
- Did he expect to arrive?
- When did he expect to arrive?
Ex: They expect to arrive.
- Do they expect to arrive?
- When do they expect to arrive?
أدوات الا ستــفــهــام:
What مــا- مـاذا Which أي Whom للـسـؤال عـن المـفـعـول Why لــمـــاذا
When مـــتى Whose مــلــك مــن Where أيــــن Howكـــــيــــف
How many كـــم عـــدد How much مــا وزن (كمـيـة) How oftenكــم مــرة

كيف يأتي الســـؤال عـــــن هـــــذا الــــزمــــــن:
1) Last week I met my cousin. (ask (make) a question with when)
When did you meet your cousin?
2) Dickens wrote many novels. (ask when)
When did Dickens write many novels?


*Make questions about the following sentences:
1) Dickens wrote Oliver Twist. (when)

2) Mohammed Mansour asked Fahad about the library. (why)

3) The stories were rewritten. (How)

4) The interview with Mustafa took place somewhere. (where)

5) They got help from some countries. (which countries) ...[/l]

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Past Simple would + V1
If_________________,__________________
Regular verb (d/ed/ied)
Irregular verb

Would + V1 Past Simple
___________________________If_____________________ _
Reg-v (d/ed/ied)
Irreg-v
Ex: If he (work) hard, he would succeed. (correct)
If he worked hard, he would succeed.
Ex: If he ran fast, he (catch) the train. (correct)
If he ran fast, he would catch the train.
Ex: If I (be) a bird, I would fly. (correct)
If I were a bird, I would fly.
Ex: If Earth (not have) an atmosphere, there would not be any life on it. (correct)
If Earth did not have an atmosphere, there would not be any life on it.

* Write the correct form of the verb in brackets:
1) Nora would see the new books if she (go) to the library.
2) If I (be) as big as you, I would beat you.
3) If we (not be) so busy, I would do it for you.
4) If he bought that car, it (cost) him much.
5) If I (can) afford it, I would buy it.


The Past Perfect Tense (الماضي التام)
Formation:
I - He - She - It
Had + V3
They
You
We
Past Perfect Past Simple
*After________________,___________________
had+V3 regular verbs
irregular verbs

Past Simple Past Perfect
_______________ after ___________________

Past Simple Past Perfect
* Before ________________,_______________

Past Perfect Past Simple
______________ before ________________
Ex: He (return) home after he (leave) the house. (correct)
He returned home after he left the house.
Ex: I already (finish) my work before my friends (arrive).
I had already finished my work before my friends arrived.
*Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
1) She (burst) into tears the moments he (shut) the door.
2) His fingers (begin) to bleed as soon as he (cut) himself.
3) He (lose) his new knife shortly after (buy) it.
4) I (see, never) any of Dickens stories before I (visit) the library.
5) Before the gardener (water) the plants, they (not grow).


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Active and Passive Voice
How to make passive?
(1) Affected Subject + is-are + V3 + by + Agent. (present)
(2) Affected Subject + was-were + V3 + by + Agent. (past)
(3) Affected Subject + have-has + been + V3 + by + Agent.(P.Perfect)
(4) Affected Subject + had + been + V3 + by +Agent. (past Perfect)
*خــطوات تــحــويـل الــجــمــلــة إلى الـمــجــهــول:
(1) المفعول به يصبح فاعل.
(2) إذا كان زمن الجملة مضارع بسيط أي الفعل به (s)أو بدون نضع:
Me-I am
مفرد is + V3
جمع are
* إذا كان زمن الجملة ماضي بسيط أي الفعل به (ed)أو بدون نضع:
مفرد was
+ V3
جمع were
* إذا كان زمن الجملة مضارع تام أي بها (have-has+V3) تحول من المجهول إلى:
I +الجمع have
Been + V3
مفرد has
* إذا كان زمن الجملة ماضي تام أي بها (had+V3) تحول إلى:
Had + been + V3
(3) الفاعل يصبح مفعول مسبوق بكلمة by :

Subject by Object
I me
He him
She her
It it
They them
You you
We us
Noun noun

Ex: (Present)
* Mustafa studies English.
English is studied by Mustafa.
* Does Mustafa study English and Arabic?
Are English and Arabic studied by Mustafa?
* When does Mustafa study English?
When is English studied by Mustafa?
* Mustafa studies English, doesn't he?
English is studied by Mustafa, isn't it?
Ex: (Past Simple)
* Mustafa studied English.
English was studied by Mustafa.
* Did Mustafa study English and Arabic?
Were English and Arabic studied by Mustafa?
* When did Mustafa study English and Arabic?
When were English and Arabic studied by Mustafa?
* Mustafa studied English, didn't he?
English was studied by Mustafa, wasn't it?
Ex: (Present Perfect)
* He has studied English and Arabic.
English and Arabic have been studied by him.
* Has he studied English?
Has English been studied by him?
* When has he studied English and Arabic?
When have English and Arabic been studied by him?
* Mustafa has studied English and Arabic, hasn't he?
English and Arabic have been studied by Mustafa, haven't they?
Ex: (Past Perfect)
* Mustafa had written novels.
Novels had been written by Mustafa.
* Had he written novels?
Had novels been written by him?
* When had he written novels?
When had he been written novels?
* He had written novels, hadn't he?
Novels had been written by him, hadn't they?
* صيغة السؤال عن هذا الزمن:
- Change into passive.
- Make passive.
- Begin with the underline word.
- Correct.
* Do as shown in brackets:
1) They gave my little sister a ticket, too. (change into passive)
2) Some one has already paid the electrician for his work. (Make passive)
3) Some readers don't like these books. (Begin with the under line word)
4) After Pip (bring up) by his sister, he went to London. (correct)
5) The parcel (send) by my brother, hadn't it? (correct)

Reported Speech
الجملة الاستفهامية Question
To change a question from direct into indirect, follow these steps.
لتـحويل الـسـؤال إلى الغـيـر مباشـر نراعي الآتي:
1. Omit comma and the inverted
Commas.
2. The verb of saying is asked
فعل القول asked
3. If the question begins with a question word such as :
who-whom-where-why-How-when
don't use another joining word.
إذا بدأ السؤال بأداة استـفهام تربط بنـفس الأداة
4.If the question in the direct speech does not begin with a question word
use " If "
إذا لم يبـدأ السـؤال بأداة استـفهام تربط بـ
5.Put the subject before the verb.
تحـويل السـؤال إلى جمـلة خبرية , أي نسـبق الفاعل على الفـعــل
6. Omit the question mark and put full
stop.
حـذف عـلامـة الاستـفهـام ووضــع نقــطة
7. Change present into past
تحــويل المضــارع إلى مــاضي مثــال ذلك :
( am , is ) was
are were
( have, has ) had
can could & will would
play played & write wrote
مع ملاحظة حذف do أو does مع تحويل الفعل غلى ماضي .
8. Change past simple into past perfect.
تحــويل المـاضي البسـيط إلى مـاضي تـام.
Wrote had written
Did he play he had play
9. Change the following adjective and adverbs
: تحـويل الصفــات والأحــوال
Now Then
Today that day
Yesterday the day before
Here there

Examples :
1.He asked, hen will you travel to Dam_mam ? ( Report )
_He asked when he would travel to Da_mmam .
2.He asked , "where did you leave bag ?
_He asked where he had left his bag.
3.Have you been in the library ?
( Report the question )
_he asked if he had been in the library.
4.He asked , "Have the stories been rewritten in the English ? ( Report )
_He asked if the stories had been rewritten in the English ?
الجمـلة الخبرية Statement
To change a sentence from direct into indirect speech, follow these steps:
يراعى لكي تحول الجملة الخبرية إلى الغير مباشرالآتي :
1.Omit comma and the inverted commas
2.The verb of saying is said .
said فعــل القــول
3. Change the pronouns according to the meaning. تغيير الضمائر حسب لبمعنى
4. Change present into past.
تحــويل المضـارع إلى مـاضي مثــال ذلك:
( am , is ) was
are were
( have, has ) had
can could & will would
play played & see saw
5. Change past simple into past perfect
تحــويل الماضي البسـتيط إلى مــاضي تــام كالآتي:
Wrote had written
Played had played
Was had been
6. Change the following adjective and Adverbs
تحــويل الصفــات والأحــوال كالآتي :
now then
this that
these those
here there
today that day
yesterday the day before
Examples:
1.He said , " I am busy ".
( Report )
_ He said he was busy.
2.The man said, "I left Dammam yesterday" .
( Report )
_The man said, "I left Dammam yesterday" .
3. The pupil said, " I have finished my work.
( Report )
_ The pupil said he had finished his work.
4. He said " I did not visit my uncle yesterday" .
( Report )
_ He said he hadn't visited his uncle the day before.

_ Exercise _
Report the following :
1. The teacher asked, " why are you late " ?
2. He asked ," How long have you lived here " ?
3. The man asked, " whom did you meet yesterday " ?
4. The teacher asked " Have you studied your lessons well " ?
5. She said , " Is this your watch " ?
6. He asked, " Did you go to the library last night " ?
7. He said , " I did not visit my uncle yesterday " ?
8. The pupil said, " I have finished my work " .
9. The teacher said, " The bell has rung, you are too late ".
10. The teacher said, " This composition must be done _ to _ day" .

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[ 1 ] Punctuation:
A) Capital Letters
We always use capital letters for the following :
1.The first letter in a sentence. الحـرف الأول من كل جمـلة
2. The first letters of people's names. من أسمــاء النـــاس
3. The first letters of people's titles. من الألقـــاب
4. The first letters of the name of a language. اللغـــات
5. The first letters of place names. الأمــاكن
6. The first letters of most words in titles. العنـــاوين
7. The first letters of the months. الشهـــــــور
8. The first letters of the days. الأيـــام
9. The word I .
B) Full Stop :
We use full stops for the following :
1. At the end of every sentence. في نهــايـة كل جمــــلة
2. After shortened forms of words: Mr. Mrs.
3. After other shortened forms: ex. e.g. a.m. p.m.
C) Apostrophes:
Remember how we use apostrophes:
تستخدم مع الأسـمــاء المفردة و الجمع .المفردة فوقs ' من جهة اليسار والعكس.
1) With singular nouns: ex. That boy's book is on his desk.
2) With plural nouns: ex. Those boys' books are on the table.
D) Commas:
We use commas for the following: تستخدم مع الآتي
1. Between items in a list. مــع تــعــدد
2. After words used to introduce a sentence. بعد الكلمات التي تفتح الجملة
3. After long clauses beginning a sentence. بـعـد الجـمـلـة الـطـويـلـة
4. Before too at the end of a sentence. Tooقبل كلمة
5. In question which expect the answer Yes or No. مـع الـسـؤال المـذيـل
6. In special parts of letters. مع الرسـائـل
Now rewrite the following again:
1. after I go out of my father car, I saw mr al-ali on khaled street.
* After I go out of my father's car, I saw Mr. Al-Ali on Khaled Street.
[2] Spelling:
Remember the spilling rules for verbs and for making nouns plural:
1. We add (es) to verbs and nouns which finish with the following ends (ss_o_ch _ sh_ x_ s_z )
تضيف (es) للأفعال و الأسماء التي تنتهي بأحد النهايات السابقة.
Example :
Teach teaches a church churches
Finish finishes a bus buses
Wash washes a potato potatoes
Go goes a glass glasses
Pass passes a fez fezes
Mix mixes a box boxes
2. We add ( s ) to verbs and nouns which don't finish with the following ends
( ss _ o _ ch _ sh _ x _ s_ z )
نضـيف ( s ) على الأفعــال والأسمــاء التي لاتنـتهي بالنهــايـات الســابقــة .
Example :
Stop stops a book books
Add adds a desk desks
Like likes a girl girls
Visit visits a pen pens
Run runs an orange oranges
3.Nouns and verbs that end in " a " constant +y add ies by changing the " y "
into ( ies ) .
تضـيف ( ies ) على الأسمـاء والأفعـال التي تنـتهي بحـرف ( y ) مسـبوقة بحـرف سـاكن نحـذف الحـرف
( y ) وتضــع ( ies ) .
Example:
Carry __ carries baby __ babies
Study __ studies lady __ ladies
Worry __ worries army __ armies
marry __ marries county __ countries
spy __ spies city __ cities
fly __ flies industry __ industries
story __ stories
Nouns that end in "f" or "fe" generally make the plural by changing the "f" or "fe" into ves like this.
الأسماء التي تنتهي بـ [f ] أو [ fe ] عموما عند الجمع تحذفهم و يضاف [ ves ] بدل منهم مثـال ذلك:
Example:
Leaf __ leaves
Half __ halves
Wolf __ wolves
Wife __ wives
Knife __ knives
Thief __ thieves
تنطبق هذه القاعدة على معظم الاسماء المنتهية بهذين الحرفين .... عدا:
خزيـنـة safe ____ safes
سـقـف roof ____ roofs
* Some nouns do not follow the rules:
هناك بعض الأسماء الشاذة التي لا تجمع جمع عادي و لكنه يختلف مثال ذلك:
Man ___ men tooth ___ teeth
Woman ___ women ox ___ oxen
Child ___ children deer ___ deer
Sheep ___ sheep goose ___ geese
Person ___ people fish ___ fish
Foot ___ feet mouse ___ mice louse ___ lice
4. Adding (ed)
We add (ed) to verbs which do not end with letter (e) like
تضيف ed على الافعال التي لا تنتهي بحرف e
Visit ___ visited
Finish ___ finished
Play ___ played
Watch ___ watched
Discover ___ discovered
ملحوظة: يكرر الحرف الساكن المسبوق بحرف متحرك قبل إضافة ed
Ex: stop ped travel led
We add (d) to verbs which finish with letter (e) like:
نضيف d على الأفعال المنتهية بحرف e مثال ذلك:
Smile __ smiled
Like __ liked
Arrive __ arrived
Solve __ solved
Notice __ noticed
Operate __ operated
We add (ied) to verbs that end in "a consonant+y" make the (ied) by changing the "y" into "ied"
إذا انتهى الفعل بحرف y مسبوقة بحرف ساكن تحذف y و نضع ied مثال ذلك:
Study __ studied
Marry __ married
Qualify __ qualified
Supply __ supplied
Vary __ varied
Worry __ worried
5. Adding ing:
إذا انتهى الفعل بحرف e يحذف قبل اضافة ing مثال ذلك:
Like __ liking
Take __ taking
Smile __ smiling
إذا انتهى الفعل بحرف ساكن مسبوق بحرف متحرك يكرر الحرف الساكن قبل اضافة ing
Stop __ stopping
Sit __ sitting
Swim __ swimming
ما عدا ذلك يضاف للفعل ing عادي
Go ___ going
Drink ___ drinking
[ 3 ] Connectors "and __ but __ or":
1. And can join two sentences which do not contrast.
تربط and بين جملتين متعاطفتين ليس بينهما تعارض.
* Flying is very enjoyable. It saves time. (join)
Flying is very enjoyable and it saves time.
2. But can join two sentences which contrast.
تربط but بين جملتين بينهما تعارض أو تناقض و قد تكون أحدهما منفي
Flying is enjoyable. It is expensive.
Flying is enjoyable but it is expensive.
3. Or can join two sentences which give a choice.
تربط or بين جملتين بينهما إختيار
* You can travel to Egypt by plane. You can travel to Egypt by boat.
You can travel to Egypt by plane or you can travel to Egypt by boat.

Conservation محادثة
Complete the following conversations (1):
Ali: Charles Dickens wrote novels.
Mustafa: Novels are not true stories, ...(1)......... they?
Ali: ........................(2)................ Fictional.
Mustafa: Was Dickens Australian?
Ali: No, ...............(3)................ English.
Mustafa: Name ...............(4)................. .
Ali :One of his works is " Great Expectations"
Answers: 1) are 2) No, they aren't. They are fictional. 3) he was. 4) one of Dickens works.
Complete the following conservation2)
Mansour: What........................?
Maqboul: Shakespeare wrote poems.
Mansour: ....................................?
Maqboul: No, he didn't write novels. He didn't write short stories, either.
Mansour: ...................................?
Maqboul: No, he wasn't American. He was English.

Complete the following conservations:
Jamal: What did Shakespeare do?
Majed: .................................. .
Jamal: Did he write ................................?
Majed: No, he didn't. He didn't write shorties, either.

Complete the following conservations:
A: What did Dickens do?
B: He wrote .......................... .
A: Did he write plays?
B: No, .................... . He didn't write short stories, either.



....[/l]

[شقرديه]

باقي وحدتين نتركهم ليوم الغد ان شاء الله بعد ان نسمع رأي مشرفي القسم في الدروس


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تحياتي وتمنياتي للجميع بالتوفيق

[3bdullah]

[l]

That was so mucH SHo Sho

thanx for bringing them over here...

[/l]

جداً من النوع الثقيل ...

شكرا لك ..

سيتم تثبيتها .. حتى نتعلم منها الكثير ..

[شقرديه]

اشكرك استاذ عبدالله على حضورك وردك الرائع

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