[l]What is the difference between toward and towards?
Toward and towards act as a preposition and adjective and have several meanings. The difference is dialectal, though many have tried to draw a semantic distinction (that is, a distinction in meaning). Toward is more common in American English; towards is the predominant form in British English.
What is the difference between affect and effect?
As a verb, to affect means "to act upon or have an influence on": "Sunless days affect my mood." It can also mean "to make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume"; as, "to affect ignorance." To effect means "to bring about or create"; as, "to effect a change." If you affect something, you do to it. If you effect something, you cause it to be. Advertising might affect the sales of widgets (by causing them to increase), or it can effect sales (bring them about) if there are no sales at all to begin with.
As a noun, effect means "result; consequence; outcome." An effect is that which is produced when you affect something: "The poem affected me deeply; it really had an effect on me." Affect as a noun is a term from the field of psychotherapy meaning "the emotional complex associated with an idea or mental state." If you are not a psychiatrist or social scientist, you will likely have little use for it.
To make it simple, or at least less complicated, keep in mind that usually if you want a noun, the word you want is effect, but if you want a verb, the word you want is affect.[/l]
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